Sparkling Wine : An Introduction

 

There are lots of different ways to make sparkling wine, with different laws in different countries, and different ways to make a still wine get it's bubbles. So let's explore the different varieties and styles you can find!

 

Champagne

 

Champagne takes it's name from the Champagne region in the north of France. Its production is governed by strict rules, ensuring unparalleled quality and finesse. To be classified as Champagne, it must undergo a secondary fermentation in the bottle, known as the traditional method or méthode champenoise. This process involves adding yeast and sugar to the base wine, creating those characteristic bubbles through natural carbonation. The wine then rests on its lees (dead yeast cells) for a minimum period of 15 months, enhancing its complexity with toasty and biscuity notes. Only three type of grapes can be used —Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier.

 

Crémant: France's Hidden Gem

 

While Champagne holds the limelight, France boasts other sparkling wine treasures, including Crémant. Made in various regions like Alsace, Burgundy, and the Loire Valley, Crémant offers an affordable alternative to Champagne with its own set of rules, which resemble Champagne. Like its more famous cousin, Crémant undergoes a secondary fermentation in the bottle, but with different grape varieties permitted, such as Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay, and Pinot Noir. The result is a sparkling wine that mirrors Champagne's elegance and complexity at a fraction of the price.

 

Asti: Italy's Sweet Sparkling Delight

 

In the heart of Italy's Piedmont region lies Asti, renowned for its sweet and aromatic sparkling wines. Asti is made using the Asti Method, where fermentation is halted early to preserve the natural sweetness of the grapes. This process captures the fresh, fruity essence of Moscato grapes, which results in a sparkling wine with floral and peachy notes. Asti is a delightful choice for those with a sweet tooth, it's a real favourite at Budbox - we always have it with dessert and / or Panettone.

 

Prosecco: Italy's Effervescent Export

 

Prosecco has quickly become a global favorite, beloved for its approachable style and affordable price point. Originating from the Veneto region of Italy, Prosecco undergoes a different production method known as the Charmat method. In this process, the secondary fermentation occurs in large tanks, preserving the wine's fresh fruit flavors and creating a lively effervescence. Glera grapes, formerly known as Prosecco, are the varietal that is used, offering a crisp and aromatic profile with hints of apple, pear and pear drop notes. Whether enjoyed as an aperitif or paired with a variety of dishes, Prosecco's versatility makes it a crowd-pleaser.

 

MCC: South Africa's Méthode Cap Classique

 

South Africa's answer to Champagne, Méthode Cap Classique (MCC) has gained international acclaim for its quality and finesse. MCC follows the traditional method of Champagne production, with a minimum of 12 months of aging on lees. This extended time on the lees contributes to MCC's rich and complex flavors, often showcasing citrus, biscuit, and nutty notes. While Chardonnay and Pinot Noir are the primary grapes used, MCC also allows for the inclusion of Pinot Meunier just like Champagne.

 

Franciacorta: Italy's Prestigious Sparkling Wine

 

From the Lombardy region in northern Italy emerges Franciacorta, Italy's prestigious sparkling wine crafted in the méthode traditionnelle. Franciacorta sets itself apart with its stringent aging requirements, including a minimum of 18 months on lees for non-vintage and 24 months for vintage wines. This meticulous aging process results in a refined and elegant wine with delicate bubbles and complex aromas. Chardonnay and Pinot Noir are the dominant grape varieties, with a small percentage of Pinot Blanc permitted. Franciacorta's terroir, characterized by its hilly landscape and clay-limestone soils, imparts distinct minerality to the wine, adding to its allure.

 

Cava: Spain's Fizzing Gem

 

Cava, Spain's beloved sparkling wine, is crafted using the traditional method but with a Spanish twist. Produced mainly in Catalonia, Cava undergoes secondary fermentation in the bottle, similar to Champagne. The aging requirements vary, with Reserva and Gran Reserva designations requiring longer periods of aging on lees. Cava is typically made from indigenous Spanish grapes such as Macabeo, Parellada, and Xarel·lo, offering a fresh and fruity profile with hints of citrus and almond. It's a versatile sparkling wine enjoyed as an apéritif or paired with a variety of Spanish dishes.

 

Lambrusco: Italy's Refreshing Fizz

 

Lambrusco is a unique sparkling wine from the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy, known for its refreshing and slightly effervescent style. Made primarily from the indigenous Lambrusco grape varieties, Lambrusco can range from dry to sweet. It undergoes a Charmat method of production, resulting in lively bubbles and bright fruit flavors. Lambrusco is often served chilled and pairs wonderfully with Italian cured meats and cheeses.

 

Sparkling Shiraz: Australia's Unique Twist

 

Australia adds its own flair to the world of sparkling wines with Sparkling Shiraz. Made from the Shiraz (Syrah) grape variety, this sparkling red wine is a bold and flavourful choice. The Charmat method is often used for production, resulting in a wine with rich, dark fruit flavours and a hint of spice. Sparkling Shiraz is a versatile option, perfect for pairing with barbecued meats or enjoying on its own.